In July 1995, units of the Bosnian Serb Army launched an attack on Srebrenica, a town in Eastern Bosnia where many Bosnian Muslims had sought shelter from the violence of the war. The women, children and elderly were evacuated to Bosnian Muslim-held territory. The Bosnian Muslim men, however, were executed. All this happened despite the presence of a UN peacekeeping force, which consisted entirely of Dutch soldiers. The Mothers of Srebrenica, a foundation representing the surviving relatives of those who died, initiated proceedings against the Netherlands and the United Nations before the Dutch courts, holding them responsible for a failure to prevent the genocide. Spijkers’ presentation addresses the attribution of the conduct of the United Nations peacekeeping contingent to the United Nations and the troop-contributing State (The Netherlands).